The recording industry has been given the duty to provide lists containing the titles, names of artists, file names, and ownership rights of recordings, and Napster, shortly after receiving such identification, is responsible for blocking those materials from its system. Yet compliance with this name-based regime has already proven difficult, since there exists no file-naming standard and file names can be easily manipulated with known methodpresently in use.
The inclusion of metadata (data about data, usually constituting text embedded in an audio file or stream to represent information such as artist name, album name, track name, etc.) in selected audio works may aid in identifying works even if file names are changed. However, metadata is only present on newer works, and essentially amounts to a more sophisticated extension of file naming technology that is subject to manipulation and hacking.
A potential alternative to relying on file naming technology for identifying digital works on computer networks is an identification technology known as watermarking. A watermark is digital information that is embedded into a file in such a way that it does not affect human perception of the content but is easily detectable by machines. One advantage offered by watermarking is its easy recognition. However, drawbacks of watermarking technology include its inability to protect the huge amount of previously released audio content, and its susceptibility to hacking. Once a watermark is disabled or removed from a creative work by a hacker, the resulting product is unprotected.
More here. on US Patent 8,645,279.
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